1885  
(Beginning of Historical Name “Revisionism Period”)

Hamilton McMillan, a Robeson Co. State Representative, and first of many subsequent “sheppards”, gives name “Croatan” to all Indians in
Robeson and surrounding counties.  Language of bill begins with, “ Whereas the Indians now living in Robeson County claim to be the descendants
of a friendly tribe who once resided in eastern North Carolina on the Roanoke River, known as Croatan Indians…”  , {Ratified and passed on
February 10, 1885}
  •        The only “friendly” tribe living on the Roanoke River was the Tuscarora, some of which were later called “friendly” after the Tuscarora
    War 1711-1713, in which the northern Tuscarora towns stayed neutral in the war against the southern Tuscarora towns. They assisted the
    colonists with information and such, but never actually fought.
  •        Oral tradition indicates that a few Tuscarora now in Robeson, possibly descend from those who  stayed somewhat neutral in the war on
    the side of the colonists.
  •        This name, although incorrect, was the closest correct name for our people, but only because of the geographical location.
  •        February 12, 1885, Fayetteville Observer article quotes McMillan regarding tribal origins. In part it says; “ …They say that their traditions
    say that the people we call the Croatan Indians (though they do not recognize that name as that of a tribe, but only a village, and that they
    were Tuscaroras), were always friendly to the whites; and finding them destitute and despairing of ever receiving aid from England,
    persuaded them to leave the Island, and go to the mainland.…They gradually drifted away from their original seats, and at length settled in
    Robeson, about the center of the county."
  •        This article is published only two days after the Croatan bill is passed, which means that Mr. McMillan knew long before it’s passage, that
    our people were of Tuscarora decent. This article had been previously published in a Asheville N.C. newspaper sometime prior to the Feb 12,
    1885 date.
  •        North Carolina, years later, names Indians in and around Sampson County, “Croatan Indians of Sampson County”.
          1.)  These people are of the same blood as in Robeson County, with many of the same surnames.
           2.)  Sampson County lies in the path of migrations, from ancestral lands in Northeastern N.C.

                        1887
Hamilton McMillan is instrumental in starting the “Croatan Normal School”, for the training of future Indian teachers. These first students began to
learn their “now” amended history from the state, and thus after graduation, passed on the lies and deceit to their own people, either knowingly or
not, which was started by the state two years before with the name Croatan.
  •        The first person to graduate from the school was Doctor Fuller Lowry.
  •        The federal government had no knowledge of any tribe named "Croatan" in 1889 when recognition was first sought by the people here.
    (BAE bulletin #30, referenced to also in McPherson report) (Note: This is because there was never a tribe known as Croatan. Mr. McMillan
    fabricated this name to hide the Tuscarora identity.)
  •        When asked if the people here had any treaties with the United States, Mr. McMillan answered no. This was a true statement in reference
    to "Croatan Indians", but it would not have been a true statement if it were in reference to "Tuscarora Indians".
  •        McMillan ends his pamplet with, "...        I do not find that the Hatteras Indians or the so-called Croatan Indians ever had any treaty
    relations with the United States, or that they have any tribal rights with any tribe or band of Indians; neither do I find that they have received
    any lands or that there are any moneys due them." (This gives the U.S. government a reason to deny federal recognition to our people)

                           1889
Apparently, the Indian Office had no knowledge of the existence of the Croatan Indians until the latter part of 1888. About that time 54 of these
Indians, describing themselves as "a part of the Croatan Indians living in Robeson County," and claiming to be "a remnant of White's lost colony,"
petitioned Congress "for such aid as you may see fit to extend to us." This petition was referred to the Indian Office, and on January 7, 1889, a copy
was sent to the Director of the Bureau of Ethnology, with the statement that there was no record in the Indian Office showing any such Indians or
any such colony as that referred to, and requesting to be furnished with such information as said bureau had concerning these people. On January
11, 1889, the Director of the Ethnological Bureau replied:
I beg leave to say that Croatan was in 1585 and thereabouts the name of an island and Indian village just north of Cape Hatteras, N. C. White's
colony of 120 men and women was landed on Roanoke Island just to the north in 1587, and in 1590 when White returned to revisit the colony he
found no trace of it on Roanoke Island, save the name "Croatoan" carved upon a tree, which, according to a previous understanding, was
interpreted to mean that the colonists had left Roanoke Island for Croatan. No actual trace of the missing colonists was ever found, but more than
100 years afterwards Lawson obtained traditional information from the Hatteras Indians which led him to believe that the colonists had been
incorporated with the Indians. It It was thought that traces of white blood could be discovered among the Indians, some among them having gray
eyes. It is probable that the greater number of the colonists were killed; but it was quite in keeping with Indian usages that a greater or less number,
especially women and children, should have been made captive and subsequently incorporated into the tribe.



                       1909
“The Lowrie History” is republished, this time with an appendix of Col. F.A.Old’s writings.
  •        Page 190 within the appendix section alludes to the origin of “Croatans” as being from Avoca, in Bertie County, which is located exactly
    on the 36 degree latitude, 50 miles due west of Roanoke Island.
  •        Page 182 of the appendix states in part,"...After the white settlers began to come in a part of this tribe went north and settled around the
    Great Lakes, some of their descendants now being in Canada, west of Lake Ontario, while a number of these people, described as whites,
    emigrated into the great North Carolina mountain region..."

Hamilton McMillan, testifies in Superior Court that; “…I gave them the designation of Croatan Indians in the Act. I wanted to give them some
designation. There was a tribe known as Croatan tribe on Croatan Island, it was an honorable name and it was a complete designation…”
After this statement, questions were asked of Mr. McMillan.
Question: Were they never called Croatans until this Act was introduced in here? Answer: No Sir.
Question: Where were they from anyway?
Answer: The traditions all point to their residence west of Pamplico Sound, beyond Cape Hatteras…(northeastern part of North Carolina)
(Sider’s Living Indian Histories, page78)
  •        McMillan tries to validate this name by saying that is was "honorable" and "complete", but we feel that this again helps to prove the
    Conspiracy of a cover-up.
  •        The above quote by Mr. McMillan contradicts the 1885 Fayetteville Observer article

The Indians of Robeson begin to dislike the name Croatan due to the local non-natives who shortened the name disparaging way to “Cro”
connecting the name with “Jim Crow” laws of the state.  

                        1911
Tribal name is changed, this time to “Indians of Robeson County”. March 8, 1911, “The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact: Section 1.
That Chapter Fifty-one of the Public Laws of North Carolina, session of eighteen hundred and eighty-five, be, and the same is hereby, amended
by striking out the words “Croatan Indians” wherever the same occur in said chapter and inserting in lieu thereof the words “Indians of Robeson
County.”
  •        This name was evidently too vague for the state’s concern, due to the fact that the 1916 Bertie lease expiration date is only a few years
    away, and they knew there were Tuscarora still in Robeson County .
  •        April 5, 1911, J. Bryan Grimes, N.C. Secretary of State, responds to Luther W. Jack, Secretary of People’s Rights Society (Tuscarora of  
    N.Y.), in regards to leased land in Bertie County, and the reversionary interest of the Tuscarora Indians.


                       1913
State Senator, and future Governor of North Carolina Angus W. McLean, along with his political protégé Doctor Fuller Lowry, nephew of Henry
Berry Lowrie, successfully led the way in having tribal name changed once again. March 11, 1913, “ The General Assembly of North Carolina do
enact: Section 1. That Chapter Two Hundred and fifteen of the public Laws of North Carolina, session one thousand nine hundred and eleven, be,
and the same is hereby, amended by striking out in the last line of said section one the words “Indians of Robeson County,” and inserting in lieu
thereof the words “Cherokee Indians of Robeson County.”
  •        This was done in part with the help of testimony given by A.W. McLean as to “his” opinion of the ancestry of Robeson County Indians.
  •        McLean also mentions Judge Giles Lietch, who also wrote about “his” opinion regarding origin.
  •        Some writers have written that a "Col. John Lowry", who signed a treaty on behalf of the Cherokee, was an ancestor of the Lowrys in
    Robeson County, but this is not true. There is no connection.


                  1914-1915
Senate Document 677 (McPherson Report), provides information regarding House Committee on Indian Affairs letter from A.W. McLean, regarding
the origins of local Indians. It also questions Mr. McMillan’s theory of origins.
  •        “In the statement referred to Mr. McLean said in part:   …We are of the opinion that they were originally a part of the Cherokee Tribe of
    Indians, which inhabited the western and central portions of Carolina before the advance of the white man. Indeed, Mr. McMillan, in his
    account before referred to, takes the position that they are of Cherokee decent, though we confess that we can not reconcile this contention
    with his main contention that they are descendants of Gov. Whites or Sir Walter Raleigh’s lost colony….” (Page 17-18 Senate Doc. 677 63rd
    Congress)
  •        Page 19 of same report says; “… The strongest and most persistent tradition of the Robeson County Indians is that their ancestors were
    a part of the “lost colony”; and it seems most probable that the lost colony, if amalgamated with any Indian tribe (which seems historically
    certain), amalgamated with a coast tribe and not with a “mountain tribe” residing 300 miles to the westward, between whom and the coast
    settlements three or four hostile tribes were interposed. In this connection it should not be overlooked that at the time of the great Tuscarora
    War, the Coree and the Hatteras Indians, who resided on the coast, were firm allies of the Tuscarora; in fact, they could not have maintained
    their position on the coast as against the tribes farther west and southwest except through a firm alliance with the stronger Tuscaroras.”
    (Senate Doc. 677 63rd Congress)
  •        Page 71, of the same report, written by Samuel A’ Court Ashe, it says; “…The Indian account places Pananiock, where White’s colony
    settled, between the Moratoc and Chowan rivers, …...but he was probably correct in locating the settlement north of the Moratoc River. It was
    between the Moratoc and the Chowan that Lane observed the “goodly highlands,” and that location being substantially “fifty miles in the
    interior” from Roanoke Island, it is there we would expect to find the place of permanent settlement.” (Moratoc is actually the Roanoke River)




                        1916
July 12, 1916, leases on Tuscarora reservation lands in Bertie County expire and land illegally reverts to the state due to the fact that there are
supposedly no “recognized” Tuscarora still in within North Carolina.

Also this year, Preston Locklear, and William Deese pass away, both with gravestones with the Acronym; TOTE, which stands for, "Tuscaroras of
the East".


                       1928
Mohawk delegation arrives from St.Regis, New York, led by Chief Snow. The delegation helps members of the Brooks settlement in building a long
house, and re-teaching the people their ancient culture, which had been lost.
  •        Longhouse activities continue until 1951, and shuts down because of pressure from local churches, one of which buys the land on which
    the longhouse stood. Reverend D.F. Lowry would end up buying it on behalf of the Prospect Methodist Church in the 1940's.
1933
John Reed Swanton writes “his” theory as to the origins of local Indians, this time choosing the name Cheraw as the most probable origin.
  •        This begins the “Siouan” era, with many local Indians accepting this theory it seems, solely because of Mr. Swanton’s “educational
    background”, and not on any empirical evidence.
  •        Siouan is a native “linguistic stock”, not a tribal designation. Tuscarora and Cherokee are part of the “Iroquois” linguistic stock.

                        1935
April 8, 1935, Felix A. Cohen, author of “Federal Indian Law”, responds to Commissioner of Indian Affairs regarding eligibility of local Indians
receiving recognition and services under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.

                         1936
April 8,1936, Felix Cohen again writes regarding the recognition process of our people. In this letter he states; “…I should think that Mr. McNickle’s
estimate that of the 12,404 listed in the census of 1930 there ought to be at least several hundred entitled to recognition as of one half or more
Indian blood is probably quite conservative….
  •        Carl Seltzer, Harvard Anthropologist, conducts so called “study” of only 209 local Indians, using archaic, unreliable and detrimental
    means. Determines only “22” individuals found to be ½ or more in 1938. No other group of indigenous people has been subjected to the same
    treatment, due to the capricious outcome.
  •        Before determinations are finalized, Federal Government unilaterally changes agreements and direction of what was named “Pembroke
    Farms”, by transferring control from Interior Department to Agricultural Department.
  •        Most applications contain tribal affiliation as "Souian", but this is only because the "Souian Council" was responsible for initiating the
    testing. Most applicants were illiterate, and therefore blindly accepted the "current" Souian theory, propagated by the "educated" Indians of
    Pembroke.
  •        Kermit Lowry, son of D.F. Lowry is tested by seltzer, stating in his application that he is of Tuscarora and Cherokee descent, and his wife
    is of Tuscarora descent. He was a school teacher. His application is the only one known, in which they did not claim Souian.


                         1938
October 22, 1938, the Federal Government initiates a 99year lease with the “Red Banks Mutual Association”, an offshoot of Pembroke Farms, for
1713 acres of land.
  •        Federal Government begins selling the land purchased for the 22, under the guise of “Mineral Rights”, with the Federal Government
    retaining ¾ of all interest in land, and years later, again giving new deeds, this time giving all rights to buyer for one dollar.
  •        This lease is supposedly filed in Robeson County courthouse in Book 8z Page 466, but when you go to this book and page you only find
    the deed from Jesse Fletcher whom the Federal government bought the land from in 1937. This shows the fact that this lease has been
    covered up by Robeson County officials.

                         1939

The "22" are finally sent letters from BIA acknowledging their status as 1/2 or more as individuals, but ultimately denies "tribal" recognition. The
reason they deny full recognition is because they say that the people here have no treaties with the U.S. Government.
  •         In these letters sent, the Government says that land will not be able to be bought, yet they had already bought over 9,000 acres for a
    reservation.
  •        The government is able to use this as an excuse due to the fact that North Carolina had named the people here with names that had no
    history of treaties.
  •        Had the correct name been given in 1885, this excuse would not be valid.


                         1945

October 25, 1945, William Zimmerman Jr. (Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs), writes an internal memorandum to C. Scott Noble, (Assistant
Administrator of Farm Security Administration), in regards to the sale of approximately 3,000 acres of the Reservation Land.
  •        In part,“…I came away nevertheless with the definite conviction that the recent sale of approximately 3,000 acres of alleged surplus
    lands was a mistake. I believe that these lands should have been held for the future use of the present project clients or of new clients to
    come…”

                          1951
Robesonian Historical edition in February recaps previous articles from past issues. On page 4G, is a full page spread regarding origins of
“Robeson Indians”, under the caption “Ancient Maps”, Mary Livermore, for whom the UNCP library is named, writes; “Ancient maps locate Indian
settlements  on the Moratoc and lower Neuse rivers, described to Captain John Smith as places of refuge for  men clothed and living in houses
who had escaped Powatan’s slaughter of the English on Roanoke. These very locations are those claimed by Indian traditions as their former
homes. Going up the Neuse river they would reach the Sampson county settlement near the Coharie rivers. Not only the rivers but old Indian trails
would make travel from there to Robeson very easy.  Gov. A.W. McLean said that the principal one of these roads was the old Lowrie road, still to
be found near Pembroke, and that on this road “they had settlements on the Neuse River, on the Cape Fear, Lumbee, and as far as the Santee in
South Carolina. Their principle settlement was along the Lumbee.”


                         1953
North Carolina once again changes tribal name, this time to, “Lumbee”.
  •     Out of over 20,000 Indians in the area, only 10% voted for the name.


                        1955
Tuscarora of New York take initial steps to file a suit with newly created “Indian Claims Commission”, for lands and monies in North Carolina.

Also in 1955, Orme Lewis, Assistant Secretary of the Interior opposes the passage of the Lumbee Bill (H.R. 4656) with a letter to the Hon. Clair
Engle. The letter states in part; "...The United States has entered into no treaty or agreement with the Indians of Robeson and adjoining counties,
and it has recognized no obligation to furnish to them services that are furnished to the citizens of this country who are recognized by the
Congress as Indians."
  •    Once again, the government is able to use this as their rationalization for denying our peoples government to government relationship. Of
    course, they would not have been able to use this excuse if we had been called by our truthful name, Tuscarora.


                        1956
Senator Carlyle, D.F. Lowry, and others, successfully have passed, federal legislation naming “all” Indians in Robeson and surrounding Counties,
as “Lumbee”.

  •        This was also meant as an attempt to once and for all, circumvent, and negate what the “original 22” had been given years before.
  •        This was also designed to wipe away any chance of a Tuscarora tribe being recognized again in North Carolina.
  •        This is the only “tribe” ever created by Congress. (American Indian Dictionary)     

                        1957
Tuscarora of New York attempt to lay claim to lands and monies, in the Indian Claims Commission, but are denied, saying that only “friendly
recognized Tuscarora” still in North Carolina have claim. (Indian Claims Commission Docket #321)
  •        North Carolina welcomes this ruling, confident that the “Lumbee Act” ensures that no “friendly recognized Tuscarora” group in North
    Carolina will never again become a reality, and as such, will never threaten the state with lands claims.


                        1959
April 2, 1959, several Iroquois from New York, including renowned Tuscarora, Wallace “Mad Bear” Anderson, visit Robeson County to talk with
leaders of the newly created “Lumbee Tribe”. Secondly, was for Mad Bear to meet Rev. D. F. Lowry, who was known to be a Tuscarora himself.
Lowry was supposedly unable to be contacted. (Robesonian Article and photographs, April 2, 1959)

                         1964
The “Lumbee Recreation Center” buys 392 acres of “Red Banks” land, still under lease, from Federal Government.
  •        Many Indians, including many of the remaining federally recognized “22” and their families, join, becoming members of the recreation
    center.


                        1968
Congress amends Public Law 280, pertaining to civil and criminal jurisdiction over tribes and the states in which their lands exist. States would be
required to obtain permission from Indians, or to amend their State’s constitution, to impose, and or continue civil and criminal jurisdiction over
“Federally recognized” Indians. The 1968 amendment also provided authority for states that had previously assumed jurisdiction over any Indian
lands to retro cede that jurisdiction to the tribes. (82 U.S. Stat. 73) (taken from handbook of American Indians, volume 4, page 235)
  •        Red Banks Mutual Association (still under Federal Lease) is suddenly dissolved.
  •        Regional Development Association is created, subsequently changing its name to Lumbee Regional Development Association.
  •        LRDA from its conception is under North Carolina law and jurisdiction.
  •        LRDA begins to act as titular head of Lumbee government, years later issuing Tribal enrollment cards.
  •        LRDA begins to be used by North Carolina as “Propaganda Machine”, by this time, certain Indians themselves rewriting their own history
    to appease the state.


                        1970
Eastern Carolina Indian Organization is formed in Prospect, creating the first overtly organized Tuscarora Group in many years in Robeson County.
  •        Name is subsequently renamed to Eastern Carolina Tuscarora Indian Organization.
  •        This group consisted of the 8 surviving “22” individuals, who begin attempting to reassert their rights given to them over thirty years
    before.

                        1971
North Carolina names Croatans in Sampson County, Coharie. The law reads; The Indians now living in Harnett and Sampson and adjoining
counties of North Carolina, originally found by the first white settlers on the Coharie River in Sampson County, and claiming descent from certain
tribes of Indians originally inhabiting the coastal regions of North Carolina, shall, from and after July 20, 1971, be designated and officially
recognized as the Coharie Tribe of North Carolina and shall continue to enjoy all their rights, privileges and immunities as citizens of the State as
now or hereafter provided by law, and shall continue to be subject to all the obligations and duties of citizens under the law. (1977, 2nd Sess., c.
1193, s. 1.)
  •        These people are of the same blood as in Robeson County, with the same surnames.
  •        It has been written that the word Coharie is a Tuscarora word, meaning driftwood.

ECTIO officially petitions the secretary of Interior for a reservation to be established for the Tuscarora of N.C.in the early months of 1971, which
consisted of the 8 surviving "22" individuals.


                         1972
In November of 1972, several dozen Tuscarora from Robeson County take part in the BIA takeover of Washington D.C., during what was called the
"Trail of Broken Treaties". President Nixon arranges for the takeover to end just before the election, and allowed two trucks loaded with documents
from the BIA, to leave, and come all the way to Robeson county.
  •      Two weeks later, which was after the election, the FBI raids the Home of Pap Locklear, in which a gun battle ensues. Eventually, they
    arrest Pap Locklear, Elias Rogers, and  Keever Locklear, and report that they recovered over two thousand pounds of documents, taken from
    the BIA.
  •        In this same time frame, Wounded Knee was taking place, in South Dakota.                        

                        1973
Vestie Locklear and Lawrence Maynor sue in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, for a declaratory judgment against the BIA for denying
their rights under the IRA.
  •        This case is soon dismissed in favor of the Government, which is subsequently appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals in Richmond V.A.
  •         The attorney is Tom Toureen, working through the Native American Rights Fund(NARF)

                        1975
April 4, 1975 Court of Appeals finds in favor of Maynor appeal, reversing and remanding to the District Court to carry out declaratory ruling in favor
of Plaintiffs.

October 10th, 1975, the Fayetteville Observer prints an article about Chief Arnold Hewitt of the Tuscarora Nation of New York, which again
mentions the 1971 Doe SkinTreaty made with North Carolina. Also in this article, Mr. Hewitt denies any connection to the "Lumbee".

                    1977
The surviving eight "22" write another petition, asking for land in Prospect to be taken into "trust" by the Secretary of Interior, and asking for the BIA
to follow through with the Maynor Decision.

                  1978-1982
Congress creates recognition procedures for determining “recognition”, giving the Federal government another delaying tactic in dealing with local
Tuscarora.

                    1980
Assistant Solicitor Scott Keep writes another opinion letter regarding the rights of the "22" to determine "who" would be allowed as a member.

                     1982
On or about July 14th , Lawrence Maynor and other Tuscarora citizens are arrested for breaking and entering, and criminal trespass for occupying
the Red Banks property under the 1938 lease. At their trial, District attorney Joe Freeman Britt does not allow lease to be shown as their defense.
Mr. Maynor and the others respond by beginning to prepare a Federal Lawsuit on this matter.

                    1983
As early as March of 1983, the State of North Carolina begins to buy back all of the 1713 acres of the 1938 lease land, and subsequently designate
the land as the “North Carolina Indian Cultural Center.” (Robeson County register of deeds)
  •        Many feel that this occurred due to the fact that Lawrence Maynor and others were preparing a lawsuit about this land, and creating this
    so-called “cultural center” was an attempt to minimize the backlash about the land.

                    1985
By this time, the Lumbee leadership, which is still LRDA, have begun to undermine, and minimize the relevance of Tuscarora groups within Robeson
County. For example:

                    1986
July 22, Bill Ott, Eastern Area Director of the BIA, writes Senator Carl Levin in regards to Tuscarora still living in North Carolina. In part, “…the
Bureau determined that there was twenty-two (22) descendants Tuscarora Indians of one-half ½ degree or more blood quantum living in North
Carolina. This determination was apparently based upon an anthropological study performed in the mid-thirties…”  


                     1987
Tuscarora Tribe of N.C; along with citizen Lawrence Maynor, writes Ross Swimmer, asking once again for Maynor vs. Morton to be carried out, by
acknowledging the Tuscarora Tribe.
  •        Once again, the tribe is told they must petition through the BIA petitioning process.

                    1988
Timothy Jacobs, Bear Clan, takes over Robesonian Newspaper in Lumberton N.C. on February 1st,  “to call attention to corruption in Robeson
County Government and the Sheriffs department in the treatment of Native Americans, and to call attention to unsolved murders in area.” (Quoted
by Timothy Jacobs)

                    1989

August 30, Scott Keep writes to Roy Maynor stating; "...The decision in Maynor v. Morton does not affect any group of Indians seeking recognition,
including those to whom you refer to as the "Tuscarora Nation of North Carolina."

October 23rd of this year, yet another Solicitor’s opinion determines that the Lumbee Act of 1956 prohibits the BIA Branch of Acknowledgement,
from making determinations on petitions from LRDA, Hatteras Tuscaroras, Tuscarora Nation of N.C., Cherokee of Hoke County, and Waccamaw
Siouan.
  •        This letter is received only a few months before the Tuscarora Tribe of N.C. petition is finished and submitted on December 5.
  •        This "new opinion” effectively stops both Tuscarora petitions from being considered.
  •        This is also in contradiction of the Maynor decision of 1975.

                    1994
The Tuscarora Tribe of N.C. Inc., Tuscarora Nation of N.C. Inc., and Tuscarora Cherokee of Hoke County, form what is to be known as the
Tuscarora Nation of the Kautanoh confederacy.
  •         These groups inform the BIA that they are now to be considered as one petitioning group in 1995.

                    1997
Tuscarora Nation of the Kautanoh, a confederation of several Tuscarora groups in the area, have the first Tuscarora recognition Bill (105th
Congress, H.R. 4693) introduced.
  •        While preparing the bill, it is learned that the BIA has denied the existence of Tuscarora Tribe of N.C. petition, which is subsequently
    found in the now non-active file of the “Hatteras Tuscarora” file.

  •        This bill eventually dies, due to the time taken for the impeachment hearings of President Clinton.



                    2000
The movie, “Through Native eyes”, is filmed in Robeson County, about Henry Berry Lowrie. The cast included direct descendants of Henry, as well
as other Tuscarora descendants.  
  •        Library of Congress accepts it into its collection as being historically accurate.
  •        Congressman McIntyre chooses the film to represent the 7th district in the Library of Congress “Local Legacy Program”.


                    2002
After centuries of lies and deceit, individuals put their destiny in their own hands.

  •        United Nations of Turtle Island is established, in part by Tuscarora people for the purpose of correcting the wrongs committed against
    them for so long.
  •        Skaroreh Katenuaka Nation is established for the purpose of reunification of The Tuscarora Nation.
  •        Several families reissue their lands into the United Nations of Turtle Island, and or Skaroreh Katenuaka Nation, thus beginning to reassert
    their inherent sovereignty.


                    2003
Skaroreh Katenuaka Nation files suit in Washington D.C. against the United States of America, and the State of North Carolina, attempting to have
Maynor decision upheld and recognition finally reaffirmed after almost 125 years of waiting.
  •       This case is filed Pro Se, because an attorney is not able to be obtained for almost two years.
  •       The Maynor family lands that have been transferred into the Nation, are hijacked by certain individuals outside of Pembroke, with the
    assistance of all levels of the Robeson County, and State of North Carolina Governments.  This includes collusion between the local sheriff's
    department, Robeson County justice system, the State EPA office, and attorney Ed Bullard acting in a conflict of interest while a justice of the
    Lumbee Supreme Court.
  •         This has occurred, to prohibit the Nation from creating economic development on this property, and this problem has caused the delay of
    an environmental cleanup of underground gas tanks on this property, which is only a few hundred yards from the Lumber River.
  •         As of 2006, this problem still exists, with the state of N.C. not helping at all.

                    2005

April 4, 2005 is the 30 year anniversary of Maynor decision, with the descendants of the "22" still being denied their rights.
  •        Several months prior to the dismissal, an attorney is finally obtained, yet court refuses to allow him to represent Plaintiffs. We attempted to
    submit a amended complaint with the help of attorney Barry Nakell, yet were continually denied. This is when we decided to file the amended
    complaint with new evidence ProSe, and hope that the attorney would be able to join the suit eventually.
  •        On Friday July 8th, the judge dismisses lawsuit, re iterating the "Justice" Department's contentions that Roy Maynor lacked standing to
    bring case.
  •        On the following Monday morning, the state highway department cross Cabinet Shop Road, which is the edge of the lands being asked
    for in lawsuit.
  •        The dismissal "paves"  the way for Interstate 74's continued construction.
  •        Plaintiffs file a motion for reconsideration by Court, but is denied again.
  •        Plaintiffs file Appeal of the District Court's decision in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, which is the same court that
    decided the Maynor decision in 1975.

                    2006

January 21, 2006, a Fayetteville Observer article named "Post officials consult with tribes", in which it tells how Fort Bragg is dealing with
"recognized" Tribes, and was quoting Chief Stuart Patterson of the Tuscarora Nation of New York.
  •      None of the Tuscarora groups centered around Robeson County are contacted for this meeting, yet we are only 25 miles south of Ft.
    Bragg.
  •      Nevertheless, this article finally acknowledges that Ft. Bragg is Tuscarora ancestral lands, after years of claiming it was Siouan territory.

February 9th, 2006, the Maynor V. Norton lawsuit filed in 2005 with the Court of Appeals is summarily dismissed, in favor of the United States of
America, and the State of North Carolina.

March 31, 2006, another suit is filed in U.S. District Court, The District of Columbia, similar to the one filed in 2003, but this time with two of
Lawrence Maynor's "full" sisters as lead plaintiffs, along with Skaroreh Katenuaka Nation.    
On October 30, 2006, several dozen Tuscarora people, from several groups, occupy the site of Fort Neoheroka in an attempt to stop the farming of
the property, and ultimately protect the land from further exploitation.


On September 29, 2009, the U.S. District court once again dismisses lawsuit filed in 2006. This case, like the one filed in 2003, was
taken from Judge Richard Roberts, and given to a Senior judge from another district.




This chronology is by no means, complete, and continually evolving. There are many gaps in this history, which have yet to be filled. Some of which
will come to light in the future, yet most of what has been suppressed and or lost, may never be known. This, as written, will give the reader a
“different view” of our people’s history, compared to the acceptable, revised history that has long been propagandized for well over a century. Some
may say that most of this is only conjecture, and trivialize what is said. So be it. This “theory” still carries more weight and credibility than the
current, “ accepted” history the Lumbee leadership, State of North Carolina and United States Governments profess.  Please take a look at the
Lumbee Tribe's "Official Timeline"(as of May 10, 2006), and compare it, with this one. Which one sounds more plausible in regards to the history of
our people prior to 1956?  

All information contained within, is verifiable by written evidence for those who care.


SKAROREH KATENUAKA NATION
COPYRIGHT 1492-2010 All Rights Reserved.
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you can learn more about
the specifics of this
chronology, and much more.
Last updated November 23, 2009
Tuscarora Chronology Part II